RabbitMQ實(shí)現(xiàn)即時(shí)通訊居然如此簡(jiǎn)單

時(shí)候我們的項(xiàng)目中會(huì)用到即時(shí)通訊功能，比如電商系統(tǒng)中的客服聊天功能，還有在支付過(guò)程中，當(dāng)用戶(hù)支付成功后，第三方支付服務(wù)會(huì)回調(diào)我們的回調(diào)接口，此時(shí)我們需要通知前端支付成功。最近發(fā)現(xiàn)RabbitMQ可以很方便的實(shí)現(xiàn)即時(shí)通訊功能，如果你沒(méi)有特殊的業(yè)務(wù)需求，甚至可以不寫(xiě)后端代碼，今天給大家講講如何使用RabbitMQ來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)即時(shí)通訊！

SpringBoot實(shí)戰(zhàn)電商項(xiàng)目mall（40k+star）地址：https://github.com/macrozheng/mall

轉(zhuǎn)自：https://www.jianshu.com/p/e132261456b5

參考：go語(yǔ)言中文文檔：www.topgoer.com

MQTT協(xié)議

MQTT（Message Queuing Telemetry Transport，消息隊(duì)列遙測(cè)傳輸協(xié)議），是一種基于發(fā)布/訂閱（publish/subscribe）模式的輕量級(jí)通訊協(xié)議，該協(xié)議構(gòu)建于TCP/IP協(xié)議上。MQTT最大優(yōu)點(diǎn)在于，可以以極少的代碼和有限的帶寬，為連接遠(yuǎn)程設(shè)備提供實(shí)時(shí)可靠的消息服務(wù)。

MQTT相關(guān)概念

Publisher（發(fā)布者）：消息的發(fā)出者，負(fù)責(zé)發(fā)送消息。
Subscriber（訂閱者）：消息的訂閱者，負(fù)責(zé)接收并處理消息。
Broker（代理）：消息代理，位于消息發(fā)布者和訂閱者之間，各類(lèi)支持MQTT協(xié)議的消息中間件都可以充當(dāng)。
Topic（主題）：可以理解為消息隊(duì)列中的路由，訂閱者訂閱了主題之后，就可以收到發(fā)送到該主題的消息。
Payload（負(fù)載）；可以理解為發(fā)送消息的內(nèi)容。
QoS（消息質(zhì)量）：全稱(chēng)Quality of Service，即消息的發(fā)送質(zhì)量，主要有QoS 0、QoS 1、QoS 2三個(gè)等級(jí)，下面分別介紹下： QoS 0（Almost Once）：至多一次，只發(fā)送一次，會(huì)發(fā)生消息丟失或重復(fù)； QoS 1（Atleast Once）：至少一次，確保消息到達(dá)，但消息重復(fù)可能會(huì)發(fā)生； QoS 2（Exactly Once）：只有一次，確保消息只到達(dá)一次。

RabbitMQ啟用MQTT功能

RabbitMQ啟用MQTT功能，需要先安裝然RabbitMQ然后再啟用MQTT插件。

首先我們需要安裝并啟動(dòng)RabbitMQ，對(duì)RabbitMQ不了解的朋友可以參考《花了3天總結(jié)的RabbitMQ實(shí)用技巧，有點(diǎn)東西！》；
接下來(lái)就是啟用RabbitMQ的MQTT插件了，默認(rèn)是不啟用的，使用如下命令開(kāi)啟即可；

rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_mqtt

開(kāi)啟成功后，查看管理控制臺(tái)，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)MQTT服務(wù)運(yùn)行在1883端口上了。

MQTT客戶(hù)端

我們可以使用MQTT客戶(hù)端來(lái)測(cè)試MQTT的即時(shí)通訊功能，這里使用的是MQTTBox這個(gè)客戶(hù)端工具。

首先下載并安裝好MQTTBox，下載地址：http://workswithweb.com/mqttbox.html

點(diǎn)擊Create MQTT Client按鈕來(lái)創(chuàng)建一個(gè)MQTT客戶(hù)端；

接下來(lái)對(duì)MQTT客戶(hù)端進(jìn)行配置，主要是配置好協(xié)議端口、連接用戶(hù)名密碼和QoS即可；

再配置一個(gè)訂閱者，訂閱者訂閱testTopicA這個(gè)主題，我們會(huì)向這個(gè)主題發(fā)送消息；

發(fā)布者向主題中發(fā)布消息，訂閱者可以實(shí)時(shí)接收到。

前端直接實(shí)現(xiàn)即時(shí)通訊

既然MQTTBox客戶(hù)端可以直接通過(guò)RabbitMQ實(shí)現(xiàn)即時(shí)通訊，那我們是不是直接使用前端技術(shù)也可以實(shí)現(xiàn)即時(shí)通訊？答案是肯定的！下面我們將通過(guò)html+javascript實(shí)現(xiàn)一個(gè)簡(jiǎn)單的聊天功能，真正不寫(xiě)一行后端代碼實(shí)現(xiàn)即時(shí)通訊！

由于RabbitMQ與Web端交互底層使用的是WebSocket，所以我們需要開(kāi)啟RabbitMQ的MQTT WEB支持，使用如下命令開(kāi)啟即可；

rabbitmq-plugins enable rabbitmq_web_mqtt

開(kāi)啟成功后，查看管理控制臺(tái)，我們可以發(fā)現(xiàn)MQTT的WEB服務(wù)運(yùn)行在15675端口上了；

WEB端與MQTT服務(wù)進(jìn)行通訊需要使用一個(gè)叫MQTT.js的庫(kù)，項(xiàng)目地址：https://github.com/mqttjs/MQTT.js

實(shí)現(xiàn)的功能非常簡(jiǎn)單，一個(gè)單聊功能，需要注意的是配置好MQTT服務(wù)的訪(fǎng)問(wèn)地址為：ws://localhost:15675/ws

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
    <meta charset="UTF-8">
    <title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<div>
    <label>目標(biāo)Topic：<input id="targetTopicInput" type="text"></label><br>
    <label>發(fā)送消息：<input id="messageInput" type="text"></label><br>
    <button onclick="sendMessage()">發(fā)送</button>
    <button onclick="clearMessage()">清空</button>
    <div id="messageDiv"></div>
</div>
</body>
<script src="https://unpkg.com/mqtt/dist/mqtt.min.js"></script>
<script>
    //RabbitMQ的web-mqtt連接地址
    const url = 'ws://localhost:15675/ws';
    //獲取訂閱的topic
    const topic = getQueryString("topic");
    //連接到消息隊(duì)列
    let client = mqtt.connect(url);
    client.on('connect', function () {
        //連接成功后訂閱topic
        client.subscribe(topic, function (err) {
            if (!err) {
                showMessage("訂閱topic：" + topic + "成功！");
            }
        });
    });
    //獲取訂閱topic中的消息
    client.on('message', function (topic, message) {
        showMessage("收到消息：" + message.toString());
    });

    //發(fā)送消息
    function sendMessage() {
        let targetTopic = document.getElementById("targetTopicInput").value;
        let message = document.getElementById("messageInput").value;
        //向目標(biāo)topic中發(fā)送消息
        client.publish(targetTopic, message);
        showMessage("發(fā)送消息給" + targetTopic + "的消息：" + message);
    }

    //從URL中獲取參數(shù)
    function getQueryString(name) {
        let reg = new RegExp("(^|&)" + name + "=([^&]*)(&|$)", "i");
        let r = window.location.search.substr(1).match(reg);
        if (r != null) {
            return decodeURIComponent(r[2]);
        }
        return null;
    }

    //在消息列表中展示消息
    function showMessage(message) {
        let messageDiv = document.getElementById("messageDiv");
        let messageEle = document.createElement("div");
        messageEle.innerText = message;
        messageDiv.appendChild(messageEle);
    }

    //清空消息列表
    function clearMessage() {
        let messageDiv = document.getElementById("messageDiv");
        messageDiv.innerHTML = "";
    }
</script>
</html>

接下來(lái)我們訂閱不同的主題開(kāi)啟兩個(gè)頁(yè)面測(cè)試下功能（頁(yè)面放在了SpringBoot應(yīng)用的resource目錄下了，需要先啟動(dòng)應(yīng)用再訪(fǎng)問(wèn)）：第一個(gè)訂閱主題testTopicA，訪(fǎng)問(wèn)地址：http://localhost:8088/page/index?topic=testTopicA 第二個(gè)訂閱主題testTopicB，訪(fǎng)問(wèn)地址：http://localhost:8088/page/index?topic=testTopicB
之后互相發(fā)送消息，讓我們來(lái)看看效果吧！

在SpringBoot中使用

沒(méi)有特殊業(yè)務(wù)需求的時(shí)候，前端可以直接和RabbitMQ對(duì)接實(shí)現(xiàn)即時(shí)通訊。但是有時(shí)候我們需要通過(guò)服務(wù)端去通知前端，此時(shí)就需要在應(yīng)用中集成MQTT了，接下來(lái)我們來(lái)講講如何在SpringBoot應(yīng)用中使用MQTT。

首先我們需要在pom.xml中添加MQTT相關(guān)依賴(lài)；

<!--Spring集成MQTT-->
<dependency>
    <groupId>org.springframework.integration</groupId>
    <artifactId>spring-integration-mqtt</artifactId>
</dependency>

在application.yml中添加MQTT相關(guān)配置，主要是訪(fǎng)問(wèn)地址、用戶(hù)名密碼、默認(rèn)主題信息；

rabbitmq:
  mqtt:
    url: tcp://localhost:1883
    username: guest
    password: guest
    defaultTopic: testTopic

編寫(xiě)一個(gè)Java配置類(lèi)從配置文件中讀取配置便于使用；

/**
 * MQTT相關(guān)配置
 * Created by macro on 2020/9/15.
 */
@Data
@EqualsAndHashCode(callSuper = false)
@Component
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "rabbitmq.mqtt")
public class MqttConfig {
    /**
     * RabbitMQ連接用戶(hù)名
     */
    private String username;
    /**
     * RabbitMQ連接密碼
     */
    private String password;
    /**
     * RabbitMQ的MQTT默認(rèn)topic
     */
    private String defaultTopic;
    /**
     * RabbitMQ的MQTT連接地址
     */
    private String url;
}

添加MQTT消息訂閱者相關(guān)配置，使用@ServiceActivator注解聲明一個(gè)服務(wù)激活器，通過(guò)MessageHandler來(lái)處理訂閱消息；

/**
 * MQTT消息訂閱者相關(guān)配置
 * Created by macro on 2020/9/15.
 */
@Slf4j
@Configuration
public class MqttInboundConfig {
    @Autowired
    private MqttConfig mqttConfig;

    @Bean
    public MessageChannel mqttInputChannel() {
        return new DirectChannel();
    }

    @Bean
    public MessageProducer inbound() {
        MqttPahoMessageDrivenChannelAdapter adapter =
                new MqttPahoMessageDrivenChannelAdapter(mqttConfig.getUrl(), "subscriberClient",
                        mqttConfig.getDefaultTopic());
        adapter.setCompletionTimeout(5000);
        adapter.setConverter(new DefaultPahoMessageConverter());
        //設(shè)置消息質(zhì)量：0->至多一次；1->至少一次；2->只有一次
        adapter.setQos(1);
        adapter.setOutputChannel(mqttInputChannel());
        return adapter;
    }

    @Bean
    @ServiceActivator(inputChannel = "mqttInputChannel")
    public MessageHandler handler() {
        return new MessageHandler() {

            @Override
            public void handleMessage(Message<?> message) throws MessagingException {
                //處理訂閱消息
                log.info("handleMessage : {}",message.getPayload());
            }

        };
    }
}

添加MQTT消息發(fā)布者相關(guān)配置；

/**
 * MQTT消息發(fā)布者相關(guān)配置
 * Created by macro on 2020/9/15.
 */
@Configuration
public class MqttOutboundConfig {

    @Autowired
    private MqttConfig mqttConfig;

    @Bean
    public MqttPahoClientFactory mqttClientFactory() {
        DefaultMqttPahoClientFactory factory = new DefaultMqttPahoClientFactory();
        MqttConnectOptions options = new MqttConnectOptions();
        options.setServerURIs(new String[] { mqttConfig.getUrl()});
        options.setUserName(mqttConfig.getUsername());
        options.setPassword(mqttConfig.getPassword().toCharArray());
        factory.setConnectionOptions(options);
        return factory;
    }

    @Bean
    @ServiceActivator(inputChannel = "mqttOutboundChannel")
    public MessageHandler mqttOutbound() {
        MqttPahoMessageHandler messageHandler =
                new MqttPahoMessageHandler("publisherClient", mqttClientFactory());
        messageHandler.setAsync(true);
        messageHandler.setDefaultTopic(mqttConfig.getDefaultTopic());
        return messageHandler;
    }

    @Bean
    public MessageChannel mqttOutboundChannel() {
        return new DirectChannel();
    }
}

添加MQTT網(wǎng)關(guān)，用于向主題中發(fā)送消息；

/**
 * MQTT網(wǎng)關(guān)，通過(guò)接口將數(shù)據(jù)傳遞到集成流
 * Created by macro on 2020/9/15.
 */
@Component
@MessagingGateway(defaultRequestChannel = "mqttOutboundChannel")
public interface MqttGateway {
    /**
     * 發(fā)送消息到默認(rèn)topic
     */
    void sendToMqtt(String payload);

    /**
     * 發(fā)送消息到指定topic
     */
    void sendToMqtt(String payload, @Header(MqttHeaders.TOPIC) String topic);

    /**
     * 發(fā)送消息到指定topic并設(shè)置QOS
     */
    void sendToMqtt(@Header(MqttHeaders.TOPIC) String topic, @Header(MqttHeaders.QOS) int qos, String payload);
}

添加MQTT測(cè)試接口，使用MQTT網(wǎng)關(guān)向特定主題中發(fā)送消息；

/**
 * MQTT測(cè)試接口
 * Created by macro on 2020/9/15.
 */
@Api(tags = "MqttController", description = "MQTT測(cè)試接口")
@RestController
@RequestMapping("/mqtt")
public class MqttController {

    @Autowired
    private MqttGateway mqttGateway;

    @PostMapping("/sendToDefaultTopic")
    @ApiOperation("向默認(rèn)主題發(fā)送消息")
    public CommonResult sendToDefaultTopic(String payload) {
        mqttGateway.sendToMqtt(payload);
        return CommonResult.success(null);
    }

    @PostMapping("/sendToTopic")
    @ApiOperation("向指定主題發(fā)送消息")
    public CommonResult sendToTopic(String payload, String topic) {
        mqttGateway.sendToMqtt(payload, topic);
        return CommonResult.success(null);
    }
}

調(diào)用接口向主題中發(fā)送消息進(jìn)行測(cè)試；

后臺(tái)成功接收到消息并進(jìn)行打印。

2020-09-17 14:29:01.689  INFO 11192 --- [ubscriberClient] c.m.mall.tiny.config.MqttInboundConfig   : handleMessage : 來(lái)自網(wǎng)頁(yè)上的消息
2020-09-17 14:29:06.101  INFO 11192 --- [ubscriberClient] c.m.mall.tiny.config.MqttInboundConfig   : handleMessage : 來(lái)自網(wǎng)頁(yè)上的消息
2020-09-17 14:29:07.384  INFO 11192 --- [ubscriberClient] c.m.mall.tiny.config.MqttInboundConfig   : handleMessage : 來(lái)自網(wǎng)頁(yè)上的消息

總結(jié)

消息中間件應(yīng)用越來(lái)越廣泛，不僅可以實(shí)現(xiàn)可靠的異步通信，還可以實(shí)現(xiàn)即時(shí)通訊，掌握一個(gè)消息中間件還是很有必要的。如果沒(méi)有特殊業(yè)務(wù)需求，客戶(hù)端或者前端直接使用MQTT對(duì)接消息中間件即可實(shí)現(xiàn)即時(shí)通訊，有特殊需求的時(shí)候也可以使用SpringBoot集成MQTT的方式來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)，總之消息中間件是實(shí)現(xiàn)即時(shí)通訊的一個(gè)好選擇！

項(xiàng)目源碼地址

https://github.com/macrozheng/mall-learning/tree/master/mall-tiny-mqtt

用php+swoole+redis 簡(jiǎn)單實(shí)現(xiàn)網(wǎng)頁(yè)即時(shí)聊天，需要瀏覽器支持html5的websocket，

websocket是不同于http的另外一種網(wǎng)絡(luò)通信協(xié)議，能夠進(jìn)行雙向通信，基于此，可開(kāi)發(fā)出各種實(shí)時(shí)通信產(chǎn)品，簡(jiǎn)單做了個(gè)聊天demo，順便分享一下

效果圖如下：

環(huán)境：

系統(tǒng) centos7.5
php7.2.9
redis5.0.0
swoole4.2.2
nginx 1.8

參考文檔：

redis官網(wǎng) https://redis.io
教程 http://www.runoob.com/redis/
swoole 官網(wǎng) https://swoole.com
swoole 的webSocket手冊(cè)：https://wiki.swoole.com/wiki/page/397.html
php擴(kuò)展庫(kù)地址 http://pecl.php.net/

IP與端口：

虛擬機(jī)的IP: 192.168.1.100
webSocket服務(wù)端口是 9520
redis服務(wù)端口是 6379

服務(wù)器端代碼 websocket.php

<?php
class Server
{
private $serv;
private $conn = null;
private static $fd = null;
public function __construct()
{
$this->redis_connect();
$this->serv = new swoole_websocket_server("0.0.0.0", 9502);
$this->serv->set(array(
'worker_num' => 8,
'daemonize' => false,
'max_request' => 10000,
'dispatch_mode' => 2,
'debug_mode' => 1
));
echo "start \n";
$this->serv->on('Open', array($this, 'onOpen'));
$this->serv->on('Message', array($this, 'onMessage'));
$this->serv->on('Close', array($this, 'onClose'));
$this->serv->start();
}
function onOpen($server, $req)
{
echo "connection open: {$req->fd} \n";
// $server->push($req->fd, json_encode(33));
}
public function onMessage($server, $frame)
{
//echo "received data $frame->data \n";
//$server->push($frame->fd, json_encode(["hello", "world"]));
$pData = json_decode($frame->data,true);
$fd=$frame->fd;
if(empty($pData)){
echo "received data null \n";
return;
}
echo "received fd=>{$fd} message: {$frame->data}\n";
$data = [];
if (isset($pData['content'])) {
$f_fd = $this->getFd($pData['fid']); //獲取綁定的fd
$data = $this->add($pData['uid'], $pData['fid'], $pData['content']); //保存消息
$server->push($f_fd, json_encode($data)); //推送到接收者
$json_data=json_encode($data);
echo "推送到接收者 fd=>{$f_fd} message: {$json_data}\n";
} else {
$this->unBind($pData['uid']); //首次接入，清除綁定數(shù)據(jù)
if ($this->bind($pData['uid'], $fd)) { //綁定fd
$data = $this->loadHistory($pData['uid'], $pData['fid']); //加載歷史記錄
} else {
$data = array("content" => "無(wú)法綁定fd");
}
}
$json_data=json_encode($data);
echo "推送到發(fā)送者 fd=>{$fd} message: {$json_data}\n";
$server->push($fd, json_encode($data)); //推送到發(fā)送者
}
public function onClose($server, $fd)
{
//$this->unBind($fd);
echo "connection close: {$fd}\n";
}
/*******************/
/**
* redis
* @param string $host
* @param string $port
* @return bool
*/
function redis_connect($host='127.0.0.1',$port='6379')
{
$this->conn = new Redis();
try{
$this->conn->connect($host, $port);
}catch (\Exception $e){
user_error(print_r($e));
}
return true;
}
/**
* 保存消息
* @param $uid 發(fā)送者uid
* @param $fid 接收者uid
* @param $content 內(nèi)容
* @return array
*/
public function add($uid, $fid, $content)
{
$msg_data=[];
$msg_data['uid']=$uid;
$msg_data['fid']=$fid;
$msg_data['content']=$content;
$msg_data['time']=time();
$key=K::KEY_MSG;
$data=$this->conn->get($key);
if(!empty($data)){
$data=json_decode($data,true);
}else{
$data=[];
}
$data[]=$msg_data;
$this->conn->set($key,json_encode($data));
$return_msg[]=$msg_data;
return $return_msg;
}
/**
* 綁定FD
* @param $uid
* @param $fd
* @return bool
*/
public function bind($uid, $fd)
{
$key=K::KEY_UID."{$uid}";
$ret=$this->conn->set($key,$fd);
if(!$ret){
echo "bind fail \n";
return false;
}
return true;
}
/**
* 獲取FD
* @param $uid
* @return mixed
*/
public function getFd($uid)
{
$key=K::KEY_UID."{$uid}";
$fd=$this->conn->get($key);
return $fd;
}
/**
* 清除綁定
* @param $uid
* @return bool
*/
public function unBind($uid)
{
$key=K::KEY_UID."{$uid}";
$ret=$this->conn->delete($key);
if(!$ret){
return false;
}
return true;
}
/**
* 歷史記錄
* @param $uid
* @param $fid
* @param null $id
* @return array
*/
public function loadHistory($uid, $fid)
{
$msg_data=[];
$key=K::KEY_MSG;
$this->conn->delete($key);
$data=$this->conn->get($key);
if($data){
echo $data;
$json_data=json_decode($data,true);
foreach ($json_data as $k=>$info){
if(($info['uid']==$uid&&$info['fid']==$fid)||($info['uid']==$fid&&$info['fid']==$uid)){
$msg_data[] = $info;
}
}
}
return $msg_data;
}
}
//Key 定義
class K{
const KEY_MSG = 'msg_data';
const KEY_FD = 'fd_data';
const KEY_UID = 'uid';
}
//啟動(dòng)服務(wù)器
$server = new Server();

客戶(hù)端代碼 chat.html

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<html>
<head>
 <title>CHAT A</title>
 <meta charset="UTF-8">
 <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1.0">
 <meta http-equiv="X-UA-Compatible" content="ie=edge">
 <script src="jquery.min.js"></script>
 <script src="jquery.json.min.js"></script>
 <style type="text/css">
 .talk_con{
 width:600px;
 height:500px;
 border:1px solid #666;
 margin:50px auto 0;
 background:#f9f9f9;
 }
 .talk_show{
 width:580px;
 height:420px;
 border:1px solid #666;
 background:#fff;
 margin:10px auto 0;
 overflow:auto;
 }
 .talk_input{
 width:580px;
 margin:10px auto 0;
 }
 .whotalk{
 width:80px;
 height:30px;
 float:left;
 outline:none;
 }
 .talk_word{
 width:420px;
 height:26px;
 padding:0px;
 float:left;
 margin-left:10px;
 outline:none;
 text-indent:10px;
 }
 .talk_sub{
 width:56px;
 height:30px;
 float:left;
 margin-left:10px;
 }
 .close{
 width:56px;
 height:30px;
 float:left;
 margin-left:10px;
 }
 .atalk{
 margin:10px;
 }
 .atalk span{
 display:inline-block;
 background:#0181cc;
 border-radius:10px;
 color:#fff;
 padding:5px 10px;
 }
 .btalk{
 margin:10px;
 text-align:right;
 }
 .btalk span{
 display:inline-block;
 background:#ef8201;
 border-radius:10px;
 color:#fff;
 padding:5px 10px;
 }
 </style>
 <script type="text/javascript">
 var uid = 'A'; //發(fā)送者uid
 var fid = 'B'; //接收者uid
 var wsUrl = 'ws://192.168.1.100:9502';
 var webSocket = new WebSocket(wsUrl);
 //創(chuàng)建Socket
 webSocket.onopen = function (event) {
 console.log('onOpen=' + event.data);
 //webSocket.send("hello webSocket");
 initData(); //初始化數(shù)據(jù),加載歷史記錄
 };
 //接收數(shù)據(jù)事件
 webSocket.onmessage = function (event) {
 console.log('onMessage=' + event.data);
 loadData($.parseJSON(event.data)); //導(dǎo)入消息記錄，加載新的消息
 }
 //關(guān)閉socket
 webSocket.onclose = function (event) {
 console.log('close');
 };
 //socket連接錯(cuò)誤
 webSocket.onerror = function (event) {
 console.log('error-data:' + event.data);
 }
 //========================================================
 //向服務(wù)器發(fā)送數(shù)據(jù)
 function sendMsg() {
 var pData = {
 content: document.getElementById('content').value,
 uid: uid,
 fid: fid,
 }
 if (pData.content == '') {
 alert("消息不能為空");
 return;
 }
 webSocket.send($.toJSON(pData)); //發(fā)送消息
 }
 function initData() {
 //var Who = document.getElementById("who").value;
 console.log('initData uid:' + uid + ' fid:'+fid);
 var pData = {
 uid: uid,
 fid: fid,
 }
 webSocket.send($.toJSON(pData)); //獲取消息記錄，綁定fd
 var html = '<div class="atalk"><span id="asay">' + 'WebSocket連接成功' + '</div>';
 $("#words").append(html);
 }
 function loadData(data) {
 for (var i = 0; i < data.length; i++) {
 if(data[i].uid=='A'){
 var html = '<div class="atalk"><span id="asay">' + data[i].uid + '說(shuō): ' + data[i].content + '</div>';
 }else{
 var html = '<div class="btalk"><span id="asay">' + data[i].uid + '說(shuō): ' + data[i].content + '</div>';
 }
 $("#words").append(html);
 }
 }
 //關(guān)閉連接
 function closeWebSocket() {
 console.log('close');
 webSocket.close();
 var html = '<div class="atalk"><span id="asay">' + '已和服務(wù)器斷開(kāi)連接' + '</div>';
 $("#words").append(html);
 }
 </script>
</head>
<body>
<div class="talk_con">
 <div class="talk_show" id="words">
 <!--<div class="atalk"><span id="asay">A說(shuō)：吃飯了嗎？</span></div>-->
 <!--<div class="btalk"><span id="bsay">B說(shuō)：還沒(méi)呢，你呢？</span></div>-->
 </div>
 <div class="talk_input">
 <!--<select class="whotalk" id="who">-->
 <!--<option value="A" selected="selected">A說(shuō)：</option>-->
 <!--<option value="B">B說(shuō)：</option>-->
 <!--</select>-->
		<button class="close" onclick="closeWebSocket()">斷開(kāi)</button>
 <input type="text" class="talk_word" id="content">
 <input type="button" onclick="sendMsg()" value="發(fā)送" class="talk_sub" id="talksub"> 
 </div>
</div>
</body>
</html>

文件詳情：

再?gòu)?fù)制一份客戶(hù)端，修改一下發(fā)送者與接收者的uid，即可進(jìn)行模擬實(shí)時(shí)聊天。
此代碼已經(jīng)實(shí)現(xiàn)了加載歷史記錄的功能

使用方法：

安裝完php、redis和swoole擴(kuò)展之后，直接執(zhí)行：

并可以觀察下輸出，看看websocket服務(wù)器是否正常

言

最近想做一個(gè)Web版的即時(shí)聊天為后面開(kāi)發(fā)的各項(xiàng)功能做輔助，就需要瀏覽器與服務(wù)器能夠?qū)崟r(shí)通訊。而WebSocket這種雙向通信協(xié)議，就很合適用來(lái)實(shí)現(xiàn)這種需求。

本篇文章主要解決C#如何實(shí)現(xiàn)WebSocket服務(wù)端和Javascript客戶(hù)端基于wss協(xié)議的安全通信問(wèn)題。

本文代碼已開(kāi)源至Github：https://github.com/hxsfx/WebSocketServerTest

環(huán)境

編程語(yǔ)言：C#
Websocket開(kāi)源庫(kù)：fleck
SSL域名證書(shū)：騰訊云IIS版本域名證書(shū)

最終效果

代碼實(shí)現(xiàn)

前端

1、HTML

<!DOCTYPE html>
<html>
<head>
    <meta charset="utf-8" />
    <title></title>
    <link href="Content/index.css" rel="stylesheet" />
</head>
<body>
    <div id="ChatContainer">
        <div class="tip "></div>
        <div class="msgList"></div>
        <div class="msgInput">
            <textarea id="SendMsgContent"></textarea>
            <button id="SendMsgButton">發(fā)送</button>
        </div>
    </div>
    <script src="Scripts/index.js"></script>
</body>
</html>

2、JavaScript

window.onload = function () {
    var TipElement = document.querySelector("#ChatContainer > div.tip");
    var MsgListElement = document.querySelector("#ChatContainer > div.msgList");
    var SendMsgContentElement = document.getElementById("SendMsgContent");
    var SendMsgButton = document.getElementById("SendMsgButton");
    window.wss = new WebSocket("wss://xxx.hxsfx.com:xxx");
    //監(jiān)聽(tīng)消息狀態(tài)
    wss.onmessage = function (e) {
        var dataJson = JSON.parse(e.data);
        loadData(dataJson.nickName, dataJson.msg, dataJson.date, dataJson.time, true);
    }
    //監(jiān)聽(tīng)鏈接狀態(tài)
    wss.onopen = function () {
        if (TipElement.className.indexOf("conn") < 0) {
            TipElement.className = TipElement.className + " conn";
        }
        if (TipElement.className.indexOf("disConn") >= 0) {
            TipElement.className = TipElement.className.replace("disConn", "");
        }
    }
    //監(jiān)聽(tīng)關(guān)閉狀態(tài)
    wss.onclose = function () {
        if (TipElement.className.indexOf("conn") >= 0) {
            TipElement.className = TipElement.className.replace("conn", "");
        }
        if (TipElement.className.indexOf("disConn") < 0) {
            TipElement.className = TipElement.className + " disConn";
        }
    }
    //監(jiān)控輸入框回車(chē)鍵（直接發(fā)送輸入內(nèi)容）
    SendMsgContentElement.onkeydown = function () {
        if (event.keyCode == 13 && SendMsgContentElement.value.trim() != "") {
            if (SendMsgContentElement.value.trim() != "") {
                SendMsgButton.click();
                event.returnValue = false;
            } else {
                SendMsgContentElement.value = "";
            }
        }
    }
    //發(fā)送按鈕點(diǎn)擊事件
    SendMsgButton.onclick = function () {
        var msgDataJson = {
            msg: SendMsgContentElement.value,
        };
        SendMsgContentElement.value = "";
        var today = new Date();
        var date = today.getFullYear() + "年" + (today.getMonth() + 1) + "月" + today.getDate() + "日";
        var time = today.getHours() + ":" + today.getMinutes() + ":" + today.getSeconds();
        loadData("自己", msgDataJson.msg, date, time, false);
        let msgDataJsonStr = JSON.stringify(msgDataJson);
        wss.send(msgDataJsonStr);
    }
    //把數(shù)據(jù)加載到對(duì)話(huà)框中
    function loadData(nickName, msg, date, time, isOther) {
        let msgItemElement = document.createElement('div');
        if (isOther) {
            msgItemElement.className = "msgItem other";
        } else {
            msgItemElement.className = "msgItem self";
        }
        let chatHeadElement = document.createElement('div');
        chatHeadElement.className = "chatHead";
        chatHeadElement.innerHTML = "<svg viewBox=\"0 0 1024 1024\"><path d=\"M956.696128 512.75827c0 245.270123-199.054545 444.137403-444.615287 444.137403-245.538229 0-444.522166-198.868303-444.522166-444.137403 0-188.264804 117.181863-349.108073 282.675034-413.747255 50.002834-20.171412 104.631012-31.311123 161.858388-31.311123 57.297984 0 111.87909 11.128455 161.928996 31.311123C839.504032 163.650197 956.696128 324.494489 956.696128 512.75827L956.696128 512.75827M341.214289 419.091984c0 74.846662 38.349423 139.64855 94.097098 171.367973 23.119557 13.155624 49.151443 20.742417 76.769454 20.742417 26.64894 0 51.773154-7.096628 74.286913-19.355837 57.06467-31.113625 96.650247-96.707552 96.650247-172.742273 0-105.867166-76.664054-192.039781-170.936137-192.039781C417.867086 227.053226 341.214289 313.226864 341.214289 419.091984L341.214289 419.091984M513.886977 928.114163c129.883139 0 245.746984-59.732429 321.688583-153.211451-8.971325-73.739445-80.824817-136.51314-182.517917-167.825286-38.407752 34.55091-87.478354 55.340399-140.989081 55.340399-54.698786 0-104.770182-21.907962-143.55144-57.96211-98.921987 28.234041-171.379229 85.823668-188.368158 154.831344C255.507278 861.657588 376.965537 928.114163 513.886977 928.114163L513.886977 928.114163M513.886977 928.114163 513.886977 928.114163z\"></path></svg>";
        let msgMainElement = document.createElement('div');
        msgMainElement.className = "msgMain";
        let nickNameElement = document.createElement('div');
        nickNameElement.className = "nickName";
        nickNameElement.innerText = nickName;
        let msgElement = document.createElement('div');
        msgElement.className = "msg";
        msgElement.innerText = msg;
        let timeElement = document.createElement('div');
        timeElement.className = "time";
        let time_date_Element = document.createElement('span');
        time_date_Element.innerText = date;
        let time_time_Element = document.createElement('span');
        time_time_Element.innerText = time;
        timeElement.append(time_date_Element);
        timeElement.append(time_time_Element);
        msgMainElement.append(nickNameElement);
        msgMainElement.append(msgElement);
        msgMainElement.append(timeElement);
        msgItemElement.append(chatHeadElement);
        msgItemElement.append(msgMainElement);
        MsgListElement.append(msgItemElement);
        MsgListElement.scrollTop = MsgListElement.scrollHeight - MsgListElement.clientHeight;
    }
}

3、CSS

* {
  padding: 0;
  margin: 0;
}
html,
body {
  font-size: 14px;
  height: 100%;
}
body {
  padding: 2%;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  background-color: #a3aebc;
}
#ChatContainer {
  padding: 1% 25px 0 25px;
  width: 80%;
  max-width: 850px;
  height: 100%;
  background-color: #fefefe;
  border-radius: 10px;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  margin: auto;
}
#ChatContainer .tip {
  height: 30px;
  line-height: 30px;
  text-align: center;
  align-items: center;
  justify-content: center;
  color: #999999;
}
#ChatContainer .tip:before {
  content: "連接中";
}
#ChatContainer .tip.disConn {
  color: red;
}
#ChatContainer .tip.disConn:before {
  content: "× 連接已斷開(kāi)";
}
#ChatContainer .tip.conn {
  color: green;
}
#ChatContainer .tip.conn:before {
  content: "√ 已連接";
}
#ChatContainer .msgList {
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
  overflow-x: hidden;
  overflow-y: auto;
  height: calc(100% - 100px);
}
#ChatContainer .msgList .msgItem {
  display: flex;
  margin: 5px;
}
#ChatContainer .msgList .msgItem .chatHead {
  height: 36px;
  width: 36px;
  background-color: #ffffff;
  border-radius: 100%;
}
#ChatContainer .msgList .msgItem .msgMain {
  margin: 0 5px;
  display: flex;
  flex-direction: column;
}
#ChatContainer .msgList .msgItem .msgMain .nickName {
  color: #666666;
}
#ChatContainer .msgList .msgItem .msgMain .msg {
  padding: 10px;
  line-height: 30px;
  color: #333333;
}
#ChatContainer .msgList .msgItem .msgMain .time {
  color: #999999;
  font-size: 9px;
}
#ChatContainer .msgList .msgItem .msgMain .time span:first-child {
  margin-right: 3px;
}
#ChatContainer .msgList .self {
  flex-direction: row-reverse;
}
#ChatContainer .msgList .self .nickName {
  text-align: right;
}
#ChatContainer .msgList .self .msg {
  border-radius: 10px 0 10px 10px;
  background-color: #d6e5f6;
}
#ChatContainer .msgList .self .time {
  text-align: right;
}
#ChatContainer .msgList .other .msg {
  border-radius: 0 10px 10px 10px;
  background-color: #e8eaed;
}
#ChatContainer .msgInput {
  margin: 15px 0;
  display: flex;
}
#ChatContainer .msgInput textarea {
  font-size: 16px;
  padding: 0 5px;
  width: 80%;
  box-sizing: border-box;
  height: 40px;
  line-height: 40px;
  overflow: hidden;
  color: #333333;
  border-radius: 10px 0 0 10px;
  border: none;
  outline: none;
  border: 1px solid #eee;
  resize: none;
}
#ChatContainer .msgInput button {
  width: 20%;
  text-align: center;
  height: 40px;
  line-height: 40px;
  color: #fefefe;
  background-color: #2a6bf2;
  border-radius: 0 10px 10px 0;
  border: 1px solid #2a6bf2;
}

后端

創(chuàng)建控制臺(tái)程序（通過(guò)cmd命令調(diào)用，可修改源碼為直接運(yùn)行使用），然后進(jìn)入Gnet安裝fleck，其中的主要代碼如下（完整源碼移步github獲取）：

//組合監(jiān)聽(tīng)地址
var loaction = webSocketProtocol + "://" + ListenIP + ":" + ListenPort;
var webSocketServer = new WebSocketServer(loaction);
if (loaction.StartsWith("wss://"))
{
    webSocketServer.Certificate = new X509Certificate2(pfxFilePath, pfxPassword
   , X509KeyStorageFlags.Exportable | X509KeyStorageFlags.MachineKeySet | X509KeyStorageFlags.PersistKeySet
    );
    webSocketServer.EnabledSslProtocols = System.Security.Authentication.SslProtocols.Tls12;
}//當(dāng)為安全鏈接時(shí)，將證書(shū)信息寫(xiě)入鏈接
//開(kāi)始偵聽(tīng)
webSocketServer.Start(socket =>
{
    var socketConnectionInfo = socket.ConnectionInfo;
    var clientId = socketConnectionInfo.ClientIpAddress + ":" + socketConnectionInfo.ClientPort;
    socket.OnOpen = () =>
    {
        if (!ip_scoket_Dic.ContainsKey(clientId))
        {
            ip_scoket_Dic.Add(clientId, socket);
        }
        Console.WriteLine(CustomSend("服務(wù)端", $"[{clientId}]加入"));
    };
    socket.OnClose = () =>
    {
        if (ip_scoket_Dic.ContainsKey(clientId))
        {
            ip_scoket_Dic.Remove(clientId);
        }
        Console.WriteLine(CustomSend("服務(wù)端", $"[{clientId}]離開(kāi)"));
    };
    socket.OnMessage = message =>
    {
        //將發(fā)送過(guò)來(lái)的json字符串進(jìn)行解析
        var msgModel = JsonConvert.DeserializeObject<MsgModel>(message);
        Console.WriteLine(CustomSend(clientId, msgModel.msg, clientId));
    };
});
//出錯(cuò)后進(jìn)行重啟  
webSocketServer.RestartAfterListenError = true;
Console.WriteLine("【開(kāi)始監(jiān)聽(tīng)】" + loaction);
//服務(wù)端發(fā)送消息給客戶(hù)端
do
{
    Console.WriteLine(CustomSend("服務(wù)端", Console.ReadLine()));
} while (true);

問(wèn)題及解決方法

問(wèn)題:WebSocket connection to 'wss://xxx.xxx.xxx.xxx:xxxx/' failed:

解決方法：要建立WSS安全通道，必須要先申請(qǐng)域名SSL證書(shū)，同時(shí)在防火墻中開(kāi)放指定端口，以及前端WSS請(qǐng)求域名要跟SSL證書(shū)域名相同。

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